Concrete additives are chemicals and materials blended into the cement to alter its performance. Additives provide a specific benefit for a particular job. Liquid additives used during cement grinding improve the strength of the cement. Concrete bonding additive bonds old concrete to new for interior and exterior jobs like wall capping and resurfacing. Color additives give concrete a stylish look. Whatever the job, concrete additives help get it done. Cold weather concrete has superior properties to concrete placed in hot weather. At low temperatures, though, concrete sets and gains strength more slowly because the cement doesn't hydrate as fast. Setting time is increased about one-third for each 10 degree decrease in concrete temperature down to 40 degrees Fahrenheit. Accelerating admixtures can help to offset these effects of low temperatures on setting and strength gain. They should meet the requirements of ASTM C 494, Standard Specifications for Chemical Admixtures for Concr...

Fracturing is one of the main facilities for increasing oil and gas wells. Fracturing is the use of high-pressure pump fracturing fluid injected into the formation, the formation of cracks and the expansion of new cracks and fill proppant, thereby enhancing the permeability of the formation. After the fracturing process equipment is determined, the effect of fracturing is mainly determined by the fracturing fluid. Early fracturing fluid is the gasoline as a dispersion medium, adding a certain viscosity of the fluid, which is the earliest oil-based fracturing fluid. This was first used in oilfield around 1948’. After that traditional water-based guar gum fracturing fluid was developed to adopt more complicated conditions like deeper well, a wide range of temperatures and higher viscosity request. While there are some disadvantages of Guar gum fracturing fluid, like high content of undissolved substance and residue, incompletely breaking. All these would easily cause formation damag...

Crude oil development and production in oil reservoirs can include up to three distinct parts: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or enhanced) recovery. One of the most important use of polyacrylamide is in subsurface applications such as enhanced oil recovery (polymer flooding), where high viscosity aqueous solutions are injected to improve the economics of conventional water flooding.  For oil extraction applications, polyacrylamide is used to increase the viscosity of water to improve the effectiveness of the water flooding process. A polymer solution is more viscous than brine without polymer. In a flooding application, the increased viscosity will alter the mobility ratio between the injected fluid and the reservoir oil. The improved mobility ratio will lead to better vertical and areal sweep efficiencies and thus higher oil recoveries. Polymers hve also been used to alter gross permeability variations in some reservoirs. In other words, the PAM-injected solution assists in...

Sinofloc has developed a wide range of polymers , both in dry powder and liquid emulsion forms, to cover the vast majority of existing conditions within the various industries (water treatment, mining processing, oil & gas etc.). Sinofloc polyacrylamides range from cationic to non-ionic and anionic in nature, and the selection of the best product depends on several parameters. General guidelines regarding typical product selection for a given application used in a specific industrial can be found on the individual product technical data sheets, as well as in the sections regarding the industries we serve. However these are not to be taken literally. In order to select the optimum product for a specific application, it is essential that laboratory testwork followed by plant trials are carried out. Initial laboratory testwork will give an indication of the best product and approximate dosage, which will then need to be confirmed with more accuracy by running plant trials...

The major mineral processing industries we supply our products to are as follows:  Coal Gold/Silver Copper Lead/Zinc Alumina Uranium  Iron/Steel Titanium Dioxide Nickel Phosphates Potassium Manganese Sodium Vanadium Oil Sand  In most mineral processes where there is a flocculant requirement for a either sedimentation or centrifugation application then a high molecular weight product is desired. The anionic product range offers ultra high molecular weight products ensuring maximum performance and cost efficiency for sedimentation and centrifugation applications.  The extensive product range of flocculants and coagulants includes a wide range of anionic /cationic charged products, all at varying molecular weights, so that all applications in the mineral processing industry are catered for.  Apart what we illustrated in Polyacrylamide for Mineral ProcessingⅠ,Summaries of the major mineral processing industries we supply our products to are as follows:  ...

Treatment of natural water and sewage is closely linked to preservation of the environment and is thus an actual present day problem. During the last decades there have been noticed substantial increase of the content of heavy metals, mineral oil, poorly-oxidable organic compounds, synthetic surfactants, pesticides and other pollutants from insufficiently treated effluents of industrial and municipal enterprises in open water reservoirs. In spite of the great number of elaborations reported in literature, the problem of natural  water and sewage treatment  has not yet been solved. Hence, the technology of water treatment needs further perfection which mainly includes the ways of intensive use of reagents, in particular flocculants. For these purposes water-soluble high-molecular compounds among which the most widespread and universal are polyacrylamide flocculants are used. As a result of their application the efficiency of removal of heavy metals is increased by 95%, compound...