Crude oil development and production in oil reservoirs can include up to three distinct parts: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or enhanced) recovery. One of the most important use of polyacrylamide is in subsurface applications such as enhanced oil recovery (polymer flooding), where high viscosity aqueous solutions are injected to improve the economics of conventional water flooding.  For oil extraction applications, polyacrylamide is used to increase the viscosity of water to improve the effectiveness of the water flooding process. A polymer solution is more viscous than brine without polymer. In a flooding application, the increased viscosity will alter the mobility ratio between the injected fluid and the reservoir oil. The improved mobility ratio will lead to better vertical and areal sweep efficiencies and thus higher oil recoveries. Polymers hve also been used to alter gross permeability variations in some reservoirs. In other words, the PAM-injected solution assists in...

Crude oil and oil layers, like groundwater, is ejected upwards along the borehole once the holes are drilled, owing to the oppression of the oil itself by the huge energy of the reservoir (dissolved air, the top of the gas). According to this principle, the exploitation of crude oil in the oil field development is a primary oil recovery and this time the wells are from the well. Along with the continuous recovery of crude oil, the original energy of the reservoir gradually depleted, crude oil cannot be ejected. The recovery rate of a single oil recovery is generally only around 15%. It is called secondary oil recovery when the reservoir water or non-mixed gas to add oil layer energy to promote the oil to move to well, and thus further extraction of crude oil in the oil field could be developed. As the composition of the oil layer of rock particles size is not uniform, irregular shape, resulting in different layers of pore size, permeability heterogeneity. The greater the permeability ...

For high brines conditions in fracturing,  SINOFLOC   team synthesized the anti-temperature and salt-resistant fracturing fluid thickener with acrylamide monomer and AMPS and by using free copolymerization of an aqueous solution. The optimum conditions of synthesis were determined by lab experiments. The results show that the fracturing fluid has excellent resistance to temperature and salt resistance, and has the characteristics of shear resistance, which is completely broken and the less residue of the filtrate and also less damage to the formation. At present, many oil fields have entered the enhanced oil recovery stage of high water cut stage. Lab experiments and field test studies have shown that polymer flooding is an effective way to improve oil recovery, and has broad application prospects. However, although the most commonly used polyacrylamide has a certain oil displacement effect, the viscosity of polyacrylamide decreases rapidly with the increase of the mineralizat...

Polyacrylamide emulsion is prepared by dispersion or inverse emulsion polymerization, which is a form of polyacrylamide liquid present. Besides the characteristics of solid polyacrylamide flocculants, through the molecular chain of polar groups to adsorb suspended solids in the water particles, the emulsion could formats the large flocs through bridge between the particles or electricity. Polyacrylamide emulsion is divided into two types, water-in-oil, and water-in-water. Unlike polyacrylamide powder, the drying process is not required in the emulsion type polyacrylamide manufacturing process. Therefore, the polyacrylamide emulsions molecular weight and water solubility than the same powder polyacrylamide molecular weight is higher. Water-in-oil emulsions are usually water-insoluble. Therefore, in the emulsion-type polyacrylamide manufacturing process, or in the use of emulsion before the dissolution of the dilution process, the need to add a hydrophilic surfactant, so that when the ...

The concept of drag reduction was first proprosed in the 1940s. In the early 20th century, firefighters in New York used water-soluble polymers to increase the flow of the drainage system. In 1948, a small amount of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was dissolved in chlorobenzene, and the friction resistance could be reduced by about 50%. In the late 1960s, oil producers in the United States were able to use the drag reduction agent to transport and improve the delivery of crude oil pipelines across the Asga pipeline and it did a huge success. After that, the technology of drag reduction is further developed and widely used. In the 1980s, China also began to develop and test domestic anti-drag agents and carried out medium-sized tests on domestic crude oil pipelines. The performance of products had reached the level of foreign countries in the early 1970s. In recent years, the Petrochina Pipeline R&D Centerhas carried out the research work of drag reduction agent, and h...

The fracturing technology is an important stimulation measure for the development of compact layers in the oil field. It opens the channels of the rocks and allow the oil to flow through. The fracturing fluid cross-linked by polyacrylamide is widely used because of its advantages of high viscosity, low frictional resistance, good sand-suspending ability, convenient preparation and low cost. The hydraulic fracturing process in the oil layer is based on a high-pressure, large-displacement pump on the ground. With the principle of liquid pressure transfer, a liquid with a certain viscosity (commonly referred to as fracturing fluid) is injected to the oil layer at a pressure larger than that of the oil layer. The pump also increase the pressure from the bottom of the wellbore. When this pressure is higher than the crustal stress near the borehole wall and the tensile strength of the formation rock, cracks will occur near the bottom of the wellbore. With the continuously injection of sand...

Since the 1990s, China has applied polyacrylamide as a flocculant in the production of red mud settlement with alumina oxide. In the alumina oxide production which diaspore, gibbsite or mixed bauxite were treated by Bayer process, sintering process or combination process, the dissolved red mud slurry is a dispersion system consisted by sodium aluminate solution and different granulars of red mud particles. To get the a higher quality aluminum chloride product, this suspension must be firstly separated by natural sedimentation, and then be filtered by leaves filter to obtain a sodium aluminate solution that satisfies the decomposition conditions. After degradation, we can get the finished products. SINOFLOC's alumina-based polyacrylamide products can be applied to red mud settling separation (separation of sodium aluminate and red mud) and red mud washing to treat tailings water of bauxite ore dressing. Product Features： Strong and rapid flocculation Stable flocculation proces...