In last century, the cleaning water together with mudstone cuttings in the drilling process was used as natural drilling fluids. Later the drilling fluid chemical agent was developed as a more stable drilling fluid to ensure the safety of drilling. The Polyacrylamide (PAM) was begun to be used in drilling fluids in 1960’, while this approach has led to a significant change of the development of drilling fluids. Polyacrylamide not only increased drilling speed greatly, but also promoted the type of drilling fluid treatment agent from the past to the synthesis from natural polymers. The main functions of drilling fluid are: cleaning the bottom, carrying cuttings; cooling and lubrication drill and drill string; the formation of mud cake to protect the wall; control and balance formation pressure; cuttings and aggravating agents; in the ground to remove debris; to provide information about the drilling formation and so on. Nowadays, polyacrylamide (PAM) has played an important role in

It is very difficult to dehydrate for biochemical sludge owing to its high organic content and strong hydrophilic colloid. So city and industrial wastewater commonly used activated sludge treatment. According to the nature of the sludge, the appropriate cationic could be applied, which can be effective in the sludge into the filter before the gravity sludge dewatering. The dehydration will result to floc large, non-stick filter cloth, in the filter does not disperse, with less, dehydration high efficiency, mud cake moisture content of 80% or less. Polyacrylamide treatment of sludge for the role of dehydration Principle: The flocculants prepared into the aqueous solution into the waste water, will produce a compressed double layer so that the suspension of suspended solids in the stability of the particles, the mutual aggregation of particles to increase particles to form flocs, alum. Flocculation grows to a certain volume after the action of gravity from the water phase precipitation,

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is not only a high-performance flocculants, but also a very good thickener because of the high viscosity. Due to its thickening, flocculation and regulation of rheological properties, PAM could be used as a variety of additives, such as drilling fluids, fracturing fluids, and additives in  Enhanced Oil Recovery  (EOR) . The key point to get the best performance of polyacrylamide in specific application is optimal design and selection of the products in the molecular weight, ion degree way and together with the oilfields conditions. Polyacrylamide (PAM) could be used as a  drilling fluid additive .  The role of polyacrylamide is to adjust the rheology of the drilling fluid, carry cuttings, lubricate the drill bit and facilitate drilling. This application could also reduce the drill accident and relieves the equipment from wear, and prevents the occurrence of well leakage and collapse. Polyacrylamide (PAM) could be used as a polymer flooding. Currently polymer

A considerable amount of information has been reported on how various polymeric additives affect drainage rate and fines retention. When used as a drainage aid, polyacrylamide can overcome slow drainage of fiber furnishes containing high-yield pulps such as stone groundwood, hardwood pulps and recycled fiber furnishes. In addition, these additives improve the drainage of high-base-weight paperboard furnishes and drainage of paper machines that are drainage limited. Mineral fillers have long been used in papermaking, especially in printing and writing papers, as they add positively to sheet formation, brightness, opacity and printability, besides lowering furnish cost. The common of flocculation of these fillers is crucial in order to maximize their retention in the fiber web, due both to economic and environmental concerns. However, since retention has to be balanced with an adequate drainage of the wet web and a good formation of the paper sheet, fiber flocculation should b

The viscosity of polyacrylamide aqueous solution is influenced by the solution viscosity, ph value, shear rate and the relative molecular polymer.  Polyacrylamide solution viscosity and concentration are similar to the logarithmic relationship. High molecular weight polyacrylamide concentration is difficult to deal with when the concentration is over 8%. Increasing the temperature could decrease the viscosity, but the effect is not significant. The viscosity of nonionic polyacrylamide solution is not affected by the pH value. However, when the PH value is over 9, the viscosity of polyacrylamide is quickly increased due to hydrolysis. At this time, the impact of PH value was revealed. Pure polyacrylamide is easy to hydrolyze. In the aqueous solution, when the PH value from acid to alkaline range, the non-ionic amide to anionic carboxyl, carboxyl negatively charged and produce repulsion, resulting in macromolecule stiffness, increasing the friction between molecules, viscosity and thus s

Polyacrylamide is a versatile chemical treatment agent in oilfield. In oil extraction it could be used as a flooding agent, water shutoff regulator, drilling fluid regulator, fracturing fluid additives, especially in cementing, completion and workover. The oil industry is the largest area of polyacrylamide applications. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is not only a high-performance flocculants, but also because of the high viscosity of aqueous solution, but also a very good thickener. Due to its thickening, flocculation and regulation of rheological properties it can be used as a drilling fluid, fracturing fluid, and polymer flooding in the exploitation of oil extraction. The key to the application is the combination of conditions and requirements, Reasonable design and selection of its composition structure, such as molecular morphology, molecular weight, ion degree and so on. 1.Polyacrylamide for drilling mud additives. Drilling fluid in oil extraction works as drilling mud performance adjuster

Polyacrylamide is widely used in recent years, not only in sewage treatment, petrochemical, paper, coal washing, construction industry and also many other aspects as mining reagent, such as phosphate, iron ore of the flotation and tailings water treatment, coal washing coal flocculation and water treatment. That's way it has a reputation said as over one hundred industry additives. Under normal circumstances, gold ore dressing can be divided into two kinds of gravity dressing and flotation. And usually with flotation most! If the gold ore embedded cloth relatively thick, the use of gravity dressing recovery indicators is good. Recycling of gold mining equipment is mainly shaker and centrifugal concentrator. While occurred in quartz or pyrite in the fine-grained gold, the use of flotation method, the recovery index is better. In this application the mineral need to be grinded to 80 -200 mesh, together with xanthate, black medicine for the commonly used collector, and pine oil for th

The residual monomer content of polyacrylamide is a critical data to measure whether it is suitable for the food industry. Polyacrylamide polymers are non-toxic which have been widely used in the international water purification, food industry, and sugar industry. However, in the industrial polyacrylamide, it is inevitable that there are trace amounts of unpolymerized acrylamide monomer, which has some toxicity.  Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the residual monomer content in polyacrylamide products. International requirements for drinking water and food industry in the polyacrylamide in the residual monomer content are less than 500ppm.  The anionic degree of polyacrylamide has a great effect on its use, but its suitable value depends on the kind and nature of the material being treated, and there will be different optimum values in different cases. SINOFLOC polyacrylamide (medium charge, high MW) used in the sugar industry can be used for different materials (suga

Sinofloc Polyacrylamide is commonly used in concentrate dehydration, accelerated frame mud settlement, purification and improving the efficiency of the dense machine in the mining field. Selective flocculation of the pulp of fine-grained minerals is also a key application of our polymers, which could change the surface characteristics of the target mineral particles to increase the particle size, and thus flocculate and precipitate. In addition to the flotation, our polyacrylamide polymers could be used in the waste water treatment. The mine wastewater is generally the acidic state of iron, manganese, copper, gold, zinc ore. The treatment of such waste water is generally used neutralization method, which will adjust its PH value, the most commonly used limestone, and lime to do the regulator. For example, after the iron ore wastewater is neutralized, the main components of the waste water are iron hydroxide Fe (OH) 3 and colloid, Ca (OH) 2 calcium hydroxide and colloid, Fe (OH) 2 ferro

Testing is always applied before formal using polyacrylamide in wastewater treatment. If the amount is too low, the product does not work, and if the amount is too high, there will be opposite reaction. The reason is when more than a certain concentration, polyacrylamide can not only have flocculation effect, but from the dispersion and stabilizing effect. In the choice of polyacrylamide models, following factors could be considered: 1, sludge is the inevitable product of sewage treatment. First of all we should understand the source of sludge, nature, composition and solid content. According to the sludge contains the main components of different sludge can be divided into organic sludge and inorganic sludge. In general, cationic polyacrylamide for the treatment of organic sludge, anionic polyacrylamide for the treatment of inorganic sludge, alkaline is very easy to use cationic polyacrylamide, and acidity should not use anionic polyacrylamide, when the solid content of mud is high

For high brines conditions in fracturing,  SINOFLOC   team synthesized the anti-temperature and salt-resistant fracturing fluid thickener with acrylamide monomer and AMPS and by using free copolymerization of an aqueous solution. The optimum conditions of synthesis were determined by lab experiments. The results show that the fracturing fluid has excellent resistance to temperature and salt resistance, and has the characteristics of shear resistance, which is completely broken and the less residue of the filtrate and also less damage to the formation. At present, many oil fields have entered the enhanced oil recovery stage of high water cut stage. Lab experiments and field test studies have shown that polymer flooding is an effective way to improve oil recovery, and has broad application prospects. However, although the most commonly used polyacrylamide has a certain oil displacement effect, the viscosity of polyacrylamide decreases rapidly with the increase of the mineralization degre

In papermaking process, fibers, fillers and some additives are not water-insoluble, so they are easy to accumulate in aqueous solution. Moreover between the different materials as far as possible from the incompatibility away, so it is difficult to get uniform performance and ideal strengthen paper. In order to solve the long fiber in the process of this problem, the using of polyacrylamide has following advantages: to improve the retention rate of fillers, pigments and so on. To reduce the loss of raw materials and environmental pollution. to improve the strength of the paper (including dry and wet strength). to improve the tear resistance and porosity to improve visual and printing performance. The advantages of using polyacrylamide as a paper dispersant are also manifested in the fact that the product is soluble in water and forms a high viscosity liquid which promotes good dispersion of papermaking fibers and excellent paper forming effect at low added levels to impro

Polyacrylamide emulsion is prepared by dispersion or inverse emulsion polymerization, which is a form of polyacrylamide liquid present. Besides the characteristics of solid polyacrylamide flocculants, through the molecular chain of polar groups to adsorb suspended solids in the water particles, the emulsion could formats the large flocs through bridge between the particles or electricity. Polyacrylamide emulsion is divided into two types, water-in-oil, and water-in-water. Unlike polyacrylamide powder, the drying process is not required in the emulsion type polyacrylamide manufacturing process. Therefore, the polyacrylamide emulsions molecular weight and water solubility than the same powder polyacrylamide molecular weight is higher. Water-in-oil emulsions are usually water-insoluble. Therefore, in the emulsion-type polyacrylamide manufacturing process, or in the use of emulsion before the dissolution of the dilution process, the need to add a hydrophilic surfactant, so that when the

The concept of drag reduction was first proprosed in the 1940s. In the early 20th century, firefighters in New York used water-soluble polymers to increase the flow of the drainage system. In 1948, a small amount of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was dissolved in chlorobenzene, and the friction resistance could be reduced by about 50%. In the late 1960s, oil producers in the United States were able to use the drag reduction agent to transport and improve the delivery of crude oil pipelines across the Asga pipeline and it did a huge success. After that, the technology of drag reduction is further developed and widely used. In the 1980s, China also began to develop and test domestic anti-drag agents and carried out medium-sized tests on domestic crude oil pipelines. The performance of products had reached the level of foreign countries in the early 1970s. In recent years, the Petrochina Pipeline R&D Centerhas carried out the research work of drag reduction agent, and has obtained th

Sinofloc series polyacrylamide is used in wastewater treatment with anion and cationic type, which can be used in flocculation precipitation and sewage treatment. Generally speaking, the higher the ion degree is, the more compact the sludge formation will be. Our anionic products can be used for flocculation and precipitate the suspended solids in sewage. Our cationic products are generally used in sludge treatment press, which will not clog the filter cloth, and the formation of sludge is more compact. Sludge is the main content of urban sewage and is a serious pollution source. Our technical staff will help customers test the nature, composition and solid content of the sludge and select the best products for this application. In general, cationic polyacrylamide  is used for the treatment of organic sludge, anionic polyacrylamide is for inorganic sludge. It is not suitable to use cationic polyacrylamide when it is very alkaline, but it is not suitable to use anion polyacrylamide w

The fracturing technology is an important stimulation measure for the development of compact layers in the oil field. It opens the channels of the rocks and allow the oil to flow through. The fracturing fluid cross-linked by polyacrylamide is widely used because of its advantages of high viscosity, low frictional resistance, good sand-suspending ability, convenient preparation and low cost. The hydraulic fracturing process in the oil layer is based on a high-pressure, large-displacement pump on the ground. With the principle of liquid pressure transfer, a liquid with a certain viscosity (commonly referred to as fracturing fluid) is injected to the oil layer at a pressure larger than that of the oil layer. The pump also increase the pressure from the bottom of the wellbore. When this pressure is higher than the crustal stress near the borehole wall and the tensile strength of the formation rock, cracks will occur near the bottom of the wellbore. With the continuously injection of sand

Since the 1990s, China has applied polyacrylamide as a flocculant in the production of red mud settlement with alumina oxide. In the alumina oxide production which diaspore, gibbsite or mixed bauxite were treated by Bayer process, sintering process or combination process, the dissolved red mud slurry is a dispersion system consisted by sodium aluminate solution and different granulars of red mud particles. To get the a higher quality aluminum chloride product, this suspension must be firstly separated by natural sedimentation, and then be filtered by leaves filter to obtain a sodium aluminate solution that satisfies the decomposition conditions. After degradation, we can get the finished products. SINOFLOC's alumina-based polyacrylamide products can be applied to red mud settling separation (separation of sodium aluminate and red mud) and red mud washing to treat tailings water of bauxite ore dressing. Product Features： Strong and rapid flocculation Stable flocculation proces

Anionic polyacrylamide applications involve mining, beneficiation and metallurgy. Using polyacrylamide can accelerate the settling of effective solids the concentration of small objects, and improve the solid-liquid separation effect, reduce tailings loss and environmental pollution, and also reduce production costs. Under normal circumstances, the process of mineral processing requires high molecular weight products to ensure rapid settling, good centrifugal processes, and easy access to good economic effects. Anionic polyacrylamide is the ideal chemical reagent for the mining and metallurgical industries. In the coal industry, the ore is classified according to different grain sizes after being mined. Because coal particles and impurities have different proportions in the water, separation of coal is usually taken in the water, coal floats on the surface while the impurities sink to the bottom. After classifing of the treated coal. we can get the product. During above process, pow

Polymer is a substance that greatly increases the viscosity of the liquid which mixed with this polymer and water. Polymer flooding is mainly to use polymer to increase the viscosity of injected water, reduce the ratio of oil to water flow, and increase sweep efficiency. Firstly, from the rheology of the polymer, it can be seen that the viscosity of the water increases significantly after adding the polymer, and the higher concentration of the polymer, the stronger of the viscosity. In addition, when the rock surface is hydrophilic, the polymer is easily adsorbed on the surface. When the injected water passes through the surface of the adsorbent layer, the thin film of the adsorbent layer expands, thereby reducing the effective permeability of the aqueous phase. When the oil comes into contact with the adsorbent layer, no swelling will occur. Therefore, in oil layers with very low oil saturation, the use of polymers can significantly reduce the flow of water, increase the sweep efficie

Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) could be used as water retaining agent, which is a kind of functional high polymer materials with special ability to absorb water. In agriculture field, it is compared to “micro-reservoir” by people because it features non-toxic and harmless, repeated water release and water absorption. At the same time, it can also absorb fertilizer and pesticide, then release them slowly to increase the fertilizer and pesticide effects. Super absorbent resin is widely used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and building materials. The whole world has been watching the event - drought. Since the 1950s, with the rapid industry development and the rapid population expansion, the problem of climate warming and drought is becoming more and more prominent. So, scientists from all over the world must begin to study effective ways to solve the problem - drought. In the 1980s, the absorbent composite was produced. Then it develops rapidly because it can improve the salinity